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irreducible representation : ウィキペディア英語版
irreducible representation

In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation (\Pi, V) or irrep of an algebraic structure A is a nonzero representation that has no proper subrepresentation (\Pi,W), W \subset V closed under the action of \Pi(a), a\in A.
Every finite-dimensional unitary representation on a Hermitian vector space V is the direct sum of irreducible representations. As irreducible representations are always indecomposable (i.e. cannot be decomposed further into a direct sum of representations), these terms are often confused; however, in general there are many reducible but indecomposable representations, such as the two-dimensional representation of the real numbers acting by upper triangular unipotent matrices.
==History==

Group representation theory was generalized by Richard Brauer from the 1940s to give modular representation theory, in which the matrix operators act over a field K of arbitrary characteristic, rather than a vector of real or complex numbers. The structure analogous to an irreducible representation in the resulting theory is a simple module.

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